Environmental Impact Assessment for Growth- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Impact Assessment for Economic Growth. Answer: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has emerged and is considered as the part tof the main project requirement in the different countries. Though, EIA in a great way contributes to the sustainable development and with this reducing the poverty in the areas and contributing towards the growth of the individuals (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The city Bac Lieu is in the centre of speedy urbanisation, which is motivated by the inspiring economic growth. However, the overall poverty level of the country has declined with the growth in the urban poverty rates. The majority of the resident in the area are the unregistered migrants, which are working in the informal sector (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The individuals are living in the informal settlements having the little acess of the basic services and infrastructure and mainly in the awful living conditions. In the year 2000, the government of the Vietnam required the international donor support for addressing the chall enges of the growing urban policies, mainly advancement the communities with lower income (Morrison-Saunders and Retief, 2012). The Alliances of the city agreed in funding the detailed research studies which may contribute in designing the national urban upgrading programme. The NUUP (National Urban Upgrading Project ) and the VUUP(Vietnam Urban Upgrading Project) reflect the governments shift in regard to the more inclusive as well as the urban development model, plus new efforts and emphasis on the broad-based programmes, which have to be termed and resulted as the most sustainable ones (Murombo, 2008). The VUUP has for the society contributed vital improvements in the Vietnams urban environment. The access to the natural and the basic services like the drainage, water supply, lighting and the roads has significantly improved with the passage of time, and now at least two lakes low-income people have the access to much better kindergartens, health centres and also the primary schools (Murombo, 2008). Community Participation: The communities participated actively in the participated in the implementation and the designing of the project. The various meetings are attended and also supervised by the work related to the infrastructure upgrading in the neighbourhoods. Communities also contributed their efforts, time and with this also donated the land for the improvement of the access in the areas upgraded. From side to side strategic development, the preliminary focus areas of the eco-city expansion programme incorporated the green buildings, sustainable transportation promotion, development of the eco-tourism, environmental preservation projects and managing the economic growth of the urban areas in a reasonable manner. The project outcomes resulted in the strategic planning process to be strengthened with the involvement of the stakeholders and improving the priorities with identifying the local adaptive capacity and creating the improved opportunities for mobilising the resources required for realising th e expansion of the first eco-city as the Bac Lieu City. In the EIA process, public consultation is required for informing the public about the project and the potential issues related to the environment and to receive the input of the public related to the proposed project. The consultation was carried out in the two different rounds with the local authorities and the communities. The public consultations have the positive impact on the urban development planning. The comments related to the project will be acknowledged and specific implementation will be done to come with the effective and proper design, construction solution for ensuring quality and project progress. Management The environmental management has been since now fast and increasingly practiced as the main component refer the business plan of the operation which claims to be very much efficient, sustainable and also, on the other hand, compliant with the legislation which is particularly very evident refer the activities of the city (Bilgin, 2015). Properly implementing all kinds of the green marketing strategies and the environmental programs shall lead to a comparative better firm competitiveness and environmental performance. Practicing and Promoting of the ISO 14001 series shall increase the environmental performance (Loxton, Schirmer and Kanowski, 2013). The risk assessment includes the human health and the risk related to the ecology. The risk assessment in the planning includes the encouragement of the critical and integrated thinking related to the environmental pathways with an opportunity to focus on the activities related to the risk reduction such as pollution prevention, mitigation measures and waste minimisation. The activities to lessen the environmental damages are continuously required as well. Significant monitoring programs are started and implemented so as to reduce the relevan opportunity of having the trade partners which are acting illegally or even unethically refer the terms of the environmental plus the social complexities (Loxton, Schirmer and Kanowski, 2013). It has also been found that the evaluation, audits, assessment practices of the business partners impact the environmental performances positively. The Vietnam is an important provincial socioeconomic centre plus on the other hand also the popular site of the World Heritage. But the city is vitally facing some main challenges which are related to the fast urbanisation, economic growth, and impacts of the change in climate (Bhattacharya and Bundschuh, 2015). Further, the city is fast developing the Hoi, which is An Eco-city Programme of development at the end of the year 2030. The UN-Habitat is continuously working in order to facilitate the strict implementation of the Hoi Ans eco-city targets much within the proper framework of the Quang Nam Development and the Provincial Strategy. In the tandem, a change in the climate adaptability and the vulnerability assessment has been integrated and conducted into the complete eco-city planning network (Bhattacharya and Bundschuh, 2015). It gives out an assessment; refer the potential impacts of the atmospheric change at the various geographical areas, sectors and the population groups. By the consultation process and the strategic planning, the first and foremost focus areas of such a kind of the eco-city programme for development involves and includes the promoting sustainable transportation, green building, the developing of the eco-tourism plus the environmental preservation strategies and at last managing the urban economic progress in a manner which is very equitable (Narayanan, 2013). The final result or the outcome of the project is that main capacity of so many stakeholders concerned are connected to the strategic planning process with the passage of time has strengthened, and the priorities in further improving the local adaptive capacity carefully has been finding out, so creating many comparative and better opportunities in order to mobilise the resources needed to realise the overall growth and development of the Vietnams 1st eco-city (Noble, 2000). Impact The concerned project has (i) given clear access to the upgraded and the expanded urban environmental infrastructure refers the local population in the area of the project; enhanced the participation of the local community with more ratio of the poor and women, refer the management and the planning of the urban services; increase the public health matters awareness; and increase the appropriate role of the women in the institutions and the urban management (Noble, 2000). All of the PMUs (Project Manangemet Unit) reports developed the environmental cleanliness and the sanitation, decreased the incidents of the clear and open defecation, plus the willingness to attach to the sewerage and the drainage system, also pay the fees for the solid waste collection. The local government societies and agencies are very much aware of the requirement of the environmental sanitation interventions, which are also clearly mentioned in the socioeconomic policies (Pinelli and Maiolini, 2016). As per th e PCU (Passenger car Units) report, the concerned project has very clearly and successfully reduced plus eliminated the potential adverse resettlement and environmental impacts. The project concerning staff or the authorities has acquired the land and further compensated all of the people, thus affected in respect to the ADB (Asian Development Bank) guidelines and the already approved plans for resettlement (Pinelli and Maiolini, 2016). A comprehensive 239 affected households have been again settled; the people who have been affected being completely satisfied with the local market rate compensation given, that also included the on time provision of the serviced plots of living or the residential plots. The resettlement committee compensation payments at that time were made in such a manner that it was convenient to refer the concerned and the affected households (Saarikoski, 2000). The resettlement sites were given the basic kind of the infrastructure, including water supply connec tions, roads, electricity, and the drainage systems. Refer to the report of the Resettlement Impacts Assessment, the standard of living of the affected humans in the resettlement sites was very much equal to or even at times exceed the standards answer set by the pre-projects. Such kinds of the resettlement plans also were unable to recognise and identify any special type of the vulnerable groups. Negative Impact Even after the positive impact which was a result of this subproject, the overall construction of the proposed investments may result in causing adverse effects on the humans concerned to the project area that also included the ethnic minorities. The adverse impacts denote the potential impacts on the customary rights to access and use the natural resources and land; adverse effects on the socioeconomic and cultural integrity; effects on health, education, livelihood, access to the project benefits, and social security status; and other effects which may change and also undermine the customary institutions and the indigenous knowledge (Saarikoski, 2000). Some special and specific adverse impacts from the proper implementation of the project at the people refer the project area do include: main impacts at the income of the people plus their usual living conditions because of the resettlement and the land acquisition; temporary effects on the small businesses during the period of const ruction; some important risks of the social problems related to health such as HIV/AIDS, infectious diseases, drug use, violence, environmental pollution) because of the presence of an outside workers at the time of the construction; enhanced risks of inundation with particular upgraded lanes in LIAs (Lower Income Areas) that are much higher than the houses bordering these ones (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). Sustainability: The project sustainability is to be rated likely. The desired OM program was organised for the financed facilities related to the project (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). At times during the completion of the project, Urenco gained the considerable experience in managing and operating the drainage, sanitation, and systems related to the collection of the solid waste with this the capacity of the programme is enhanced through the strengthening of the institution and the capacity programme that are provided at the time of implementation of the project (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). The Decrees 88 and 59 approved by the government, which enables URENCOs and local governments for raising the tariffs for recovering the cost of the solid waste and wastewater, which is believed to cover the expenditures of the operating system (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). A comprehensive and complete road map refers the tariff enhancement was approved, that allows a smooth and gradual tariff enhancement of around 10% each year until the OM (Operation and Maintenence) costs were completely recovered; any kind of shortfall in the operating expenditures earlier to the full cost recovery shall be then financed by the city and provincial budgets. The financial sustainability is also to a greater extent dependent on the ability of the URENCOs to further generate enough revenues plus the lower OM expenditures (Uzzell, Pol and Badenas, 2002). Conclusion Expected impact as a result of the outcome of the project was to carefully improve the basic quality refer the living and the health of the residents of the urban area and also on the other hand to reduce the poverty in the areas of the 6 project towns, it also concentrated on to promote the balanced and the regional economic enhancement plus on the other hand also lessen the migration from Ho Chi Minh City and the central region to Hanoi (Attia, Boubetra and Saoud, 2014). The outcome or the result of the project was to significantly improve the urban environmental situations and conditions refer the project towns. The concerned project outcome and outputs do include in itself the following; increasing and also, on the other hand, upgrading the environmental infrastructure of the urban area; improving the managerial, autonomy and the technical capacity of the environmental companies based on the urban areas; improving planning and the management capacity of the urban areas and also t he (CPC) which stands for the city peoples committees enhancing the community participation refer the managing and planning of the urban services etc (Attia, Boubetra and Saoud, 2014). At an early stage, this approach was delayed because of many factors, but the stakeholders have then since long carefully focused on the outcomes and the results which came out. The positive experiences which came out from the pilot investment projects gave up no complete guarantee for the large-scale concerns or the applications. 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